Rav Berkowitz heads a kollel in Jerusalem and sits on Shomerli's halakhic council. He has published several works on contemporary halakhic questions related to technology and modernity. He teaches that halakha is not a museum — it is a living system that responds to the challenges of every generation.
All articles by Rav S. Berkowitz →
The question has divided batei midrash for twenty years: is the internet filter a hovah min ha'din (strict obligation) or a hidur (praiseworthy but not required)? The distinction is not academic — it commands the tone of the instruction given to families.
The Israeli school (machmir). Rav O. Yossef, Rav Y. S. Eliashiv, Rav N. Karelitz — all treated the filter as a hovah once a connected device enters a household. The logic is that of the geder chazak of the Rambam.
The American school (centrist). Rav H. Schachter, Rav A. Lichtenstein — distinguishes by type of use. For purely professional adult use, hidur. For a household with children, hovah.
The francophone school (pragmatic). Rav D. Hassine, Rav P. Knafo — favors a functional approach: if the household includes a child or adolescent, hovah. For an adult living alone, strict hidur.
The three schools differ on the qualifier, but converge on the practice. None authorizes a household with children to function without a filter. None treats the question as negligible.
Rav D. Hassine — Yabia Omer Yossef Da'at, vol. 7, ch. 12The hovah/hidur distinction only matters for someone hesitating to install the filter. For one who knows what to do, the question does not arise.
All contemporary posekim agree on this point: in the presence of children or adolescents in the household, the filter becomes a hovah. The hovah/hidur debate concerns, in practice, only marginal cases.
If you are a parent, the halachic classification of your situation is clear: hovah. This has three implications:
1. The filter is not a luxury to be deferred.
2. The filter is part of the kibbud av va'em structure you install in your home.
3. The filter is an act of chinukh. Your children will observe that you take halacha seriously down to its technical application.
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The most frequent question. Pragmatic answer from all three schools: a filter activated on the entire household protects all users — including the adult who could theoretically "do without it." Halacha does not invite reliance on individual strength when a collective structure does the work.
YABIA OMER YOSSEF DA'AT, VOL. 7, CH. 12 — RAV D. HASSINE14-day free trial · 37 halachic categories · Unblocking in under 30 seconds.
For a Jewish observant household with children, the filter is hovah. The three major contemporary schools converge on this. If you are a parent, halacha asks you to install a filter. Not to think about it, not to discuss it as a family — to install it.